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Thermococcus litoralis
''Thermococcus litoralis'' (''T. litoralis'') is a species of Archaea that is found around deep-sea hydrothermal vents as well as shallow submarine thermal springs and oil wells. It is an anaerobic organotroph hyperthermophile that is between 0.5–3.0 µm in diameter.〔 Like the other species in the order thermococcales, ''T. litoralis'' is an irregular hyperthermophile coccus that grows between 55–100 °C.〔 Unlike many other thermococci, ''T. litoralis'' is non-motile. Its cell wall consists only of a single S-layer that does not form hexagonal lattices.〔 Additionally, while many thermococcales obligately use sulfur as an electron acceptor in metabolism, ''T. litoralis'' only needs sulfur to help stimulate growth, and can live without it.〔 ''T. litoralis'' has recently been popularized by the scientific community for its ability to produce an alternative DNA polymerase to the commonly used Taq polymerase. The ''T. litoralis'' polymerase, dubbed the vent polymerase, has been shown to have not only a lower error rate then Taq but also has proofreading 3’-5’ exonuclease abilities.
==DNA polymerase==
The DNA polymerase of Thermococcus ''litoralis'' is stable at high temperatures, with a half-life of 8 hours at 95 °C and 2 hours at 100 °C. It also has a proofreading activity that is able to reduce mutation frequencies to a level 2-4 times lower than most non-proofreading DNA polymerases.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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